CX3CR1 null mice show more neuronal loss and cell-autonomous microglial neurotoxicity than control mice[58] and DAP12/TYROBP [67] or associated receptor TREM2 [68] null mice show impaired phagocytic activity and enhanced inflammatory gene expression that is manifested in adult onset dementing leukoencephalopathy caused by loss of function mutations of DAP12 or TREM2. Here, TREM2 is linked to Leukoencephalopathy.