Treatment of THP-1 cells with caspase-1 inhibitor, zVAD-fmk, alone caused no induction of IL-1β but when combined with the infection with vMyxM013-KO virus resulted in the dramatic inhibition of IL-1β secretion at early time points, starting in the first hour post-infection (Fig. 5A). The gene discussed is IL1B; the disease is infection.