Although there is redundancy among pro-angiogenic factors in advanced cancer (Relf et al, 1997; Hanrahan et al, 2003), many early cancers (Hanrahan et al, 2003; Jubb et al, 2003) and in vivo cancer models (Bergers et al, 1999; Hanrahan et al, 2003; Joyce et al, 2003; Goodlad et al, 2006; Korsisaari et al, 2007) are VEGF dependent. This evidence concerns the gene VEGFA and cancer.