The most significant differences between colon cancer specimens and the corresponding non-neoplastic mucosa were as follows: (1) the percentage of the content of ∑ PUFAs, linoleic acid, CLA, and arachidonic acid decreased; (2) COX-2 increased in cancer specimens, whereas in non-neoplastic mucosa it was not expressed; (3) PPARα decreased; (4) the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and pBad increased, whereas the proapototic proteins Bad and Bak decreased. This evidence concerns the gene PTGS2 and cancer.