TNF and neoplasm: Changes in local microenvironment, for example an increase in certain pro-inflammatory cytokines and pro-angiogenic mediators such as interleukin 1 and 6 (IL1, IL6) tumour necrosis factor (TNF α) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), is one mechanism by which the tumour infiltrating leucocytes promote tumour growth, cell survival and an increase in tumour angiogenesis [7,8].