Antinuclear antibody (ANA), which had formerly been negative five years prior and weakly positive in 2004 (Figure 1C), was now strongly positive (>1:1280, homogeneous) in association with elevated anti-double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) antibodies (>100), and hypocomplementemia (C3 0·44 and C4 0·03) consistent with active systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). This evidence concerns the gene BTG3 and systemic lupus erythematosus.