Improved monitoring of renal disease in patients with LN is more likely to be achieved by combining anti-dsDNA tests with assays more specific for renal dysfunction, such as urinary gelatinase B-associated lipocalin (nGAL), which has been shown to be a marker of renal disease in cross-sectional studies of both adult [36] and paediatric [37] SLE. This evidence concerns the gene LCN2 and Abnormal renal physiology.