No significant differences were noted with TNFα (Figure 4, panel A and C) or IL-6 (Figure 4, panel B and D) in response to CF or mitogens between recently infected compared to previously infected HC (Figure 4) The only exception was LPS induced IL-6 (Figure 4D) which was significantly higher (p = 0.039) in the previously infected HC group at 0 months compared to the HC group with recent infection at recruitment. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and cystic fibrosis.