VEGFA and testicular hydrocele: Although further investigations are needed to elucidate the mechanism of doxycycline in reducing lymphangiogenic factors and lymphatic vessel dilation, our data suggest that plasma levels of VEGF-A/VEGF-C/sVEGF-R3 may correlate with disease progression in LF leading to LE and hydrocele, and hence, might be used as prognostic indicators of an increased risk of LF pathology before it manifests.