Similarly, FOXF1 and Foxf1, but not FOXC2 or Foxc2, are clearly associated with abnormalities of intrinsic pulmonary vasculature and lung lobation [23,28,34] while inactivation of FOXC2 and Foxc2, but not FOXF1 or Foxf1, is associated with cleft palate [3,19]. Here, FOXF1 is linked to cleft palate.