TXNRD1 and cancer: This might be a mechanism for cancer initiation and progression, but the over-expression of the ROS-detoxifying enzyme thioredoxin-reductase 1 (TR1) in a variety of malignant tumours rather suggests, that malignant cancers may need a delicate balance between ROS production and neutralization for oncogenic signalling, survival and resistance to therapy (Yoo et al. 2006).