We illustrate the utility of MAP for addressing biological questions by: i) testing the hypothesis that the common 15 and 18 bp microdeletions in the EGFR gene in non-small cell lung cancers derive from pre-neoplastic mutations selected during lung development [10] and ii) monitoring of therapy and early recurrence by detecting personalized cancer mutation signatures in the blood of women with stage II and III breast cancers. Here, EGFR is linked to non-small cell lung carcinoma.