Other cellular work demonstrates that M.tb-infected monocytes drive a network involving IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-1β and NFκB resulting in increased astrocyte MMP-9 secretion without altered TIMP-1/2 secretion indicating a role for glial cells in the development of the matrix degrading phenotype present in CNS TB [12], [23]. Here, TNF is linked to tuberculosis.