TNC and cancer: Tissue levels of TN-C are particularly high at invasive borders of cancer and appear to be indicative of poor prognosis in multiple tumor types including glioma, breast, cervix and ovary (Chiquet-Ehrismann et al. 2003; Buyukbayram et al. 2002; Wilson et al. 1996; Ioachim et al. 2002; Jahkola et al. 1998; Ishihara et al. 1995).