The present study revealed a significant difference in the intensity of PARP-1 immunohistochemical expression in renal tubular cells between kidneys from transplant protocol biopsies with stable renal function or ECDs without ATN and those from non-ECD transplant patients with ATN or from ECDs with ATN (see Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and oculocutaneous albinism type 1.