In a previous study of patients with ATN, our group found that the kidneys tolerating a long period of cold ischemia had the highest levels of PARP-1 (cold ischemia <24 h, PARP-1  = 1.71±0.62 vs. cold ischemia ≥24 h, PARP-1  = 2.86±0.35). This evidence concerns the gene PARP1 and oculocutaneous albinism type 1.