MSH4 and breast cancer: However, since there is a scarcity of data about the involvement of polymorphisms in other MMR genes in breast cancer susceptibility, we carried out a hospital-based case-control study in a Caucasian Portuguese population to estimate the potential modifying role of the MSH3, MSH4, MSH6, MLH1, MLH3, PMS1 and MUTYH gene polymorphisms on the individual susceptibility to breast cancer.