Recently, Coderre and colleagues also showed that mechanical allodynia induced by hind paw ischemia-reperfusion injury is accompanied by increased hind paw muscle malondialdehyde (a product of free radical-induced lipid peroxidation), pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNFα), nuclear factor κB and lactate; furthermore, mechanical allodynia is reduced by inhibitors of these mediators or an antagonist at acid sensing ion channels (ASICs) [95]. This evidence concerns the gene TNF and ischemia reperfusion injury.