Gene expression profiling has been previously performed on bone marrow CD34+ cells isolated from three DBA patients with mutations in RPS19 and in remission from the disease (i.e. without any treatment for at least 10 years), compared with healthy controls [23], and on CD4+ peripheral blood mononuclear cells from two DBA patients with unknown mutations compared with two acquired aplastic anaemia patients [24]. This evidence concerns the gene CD4 and Diamond-Blackfan anemia.