Mutations in the basic components of inflammasomes appear to be responsible for several autoinflammatory diseases; mutations in the CIAS1 (cold induced autoinflammatory syndrome 1) gene encoding cryopyrin or in the MEFV (Mediterranean fever) gene encoding pyrin perturb the function of ASC and the consequent activation of procaspase-1 and IL-1β processing [10]. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and brucellosis.