As earlier studies have shown that FOXG1 is able to block the transcription of p21WAF1/CIP1 by counteracting TGF-β-induced signalling pathway and hence promoting cell proliferation (Seoane et al, 2004; Adesina et al, 2007a), it would be interesting to examine the gene expression of p21WAF1/CIP1 in normal ovaries and ovarian cancer tissues. Here, TGFB1 is linked to ovarian cancer.