Recently, trastuzumab-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy has been shown to achieve promising efficacy, with a good pathological complete response (pCR) rate, while being well tolerated in women with stage II or III HER2-positive breast cancer (Buzdar et al, 2005; Coudert et al, 2006, 2007). The gene discussed is ERBB2; the disease is breast cancer.