In these cells, low concentrations of melatonin increased the mRNA levels of several genes expressed in osteoblasts including bone sialoprotein (BSP), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteopontin and osteocalcin.[15] Several studies using various animal models show that melatonin prevents bone deterioration including preventing idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents[13, 16] and that it stimulates proliferation of normal cells such as human bone cells.[13] However, there are no reports of melatonin effects on ADSC osteogenic differentiation. Here, IBSP is linked to idiopathic scoliosis.