Therefore, to determine whether variation in vitamin D pathway genes modified RCC risk, we comprehensively investigated the relationship between renal cancer risk and 139 tagging SNPs across eight target genes (VDR, RXRA, RXRB, CYP24A1, GC, STAT1, THRAP4, and TRAP5) of the vitamin D pathway among cases and controls from Central Europe, an area with one of the highest rates of RCC worldwide [13]. This evidence concerns the gene VDR and renal cell carcinoma.