Overall, these results indicate that among the APL1 paralogs, APL1A is exclusively responsible for establishing the permissive or non-permissive state for P. falciparum infection, with no detectable effect on P. berghei or P. yoelii infection; while APL1C among the paralogs limits infection by P. berghei and P. yoelii, but has no detectable influence upon P. falciparum development. The gene discussed is ADI1; the disease is infection.