To further study the possible use of TIMP-1 as a biomarker in breast cancer patients, the present study investigates the association between levels of TIMP-1 in cytosolic tumor tissue extracts and outcome following adjuvant chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide-methotrexate-5-fluorouracil (CMF) or an anthracycline-containing regimen (cyclophosphamide and 5-fluorouracil with adriamycin/epirubicin (CAF/CEF); or single-agent adriamycin (A)), or following no adjuvant treatment. The gene discussed is TIMP1; the disease is breast carcinoma.