Thus, using oligo GEArrays targeted at endothelium and cardiovascular disease biomarkers, we showed a significant upregulation of genes encoding various inflammatory molecules [76], while the expression of genes encoding eNOS, E-selectin, VCAM-1, IL-1β, IL-1Ra, IL-6, TNF-α, TLR-4 and MyD88 (upregulated in 10-week-old GK rats) was similar in 1-week-old prediabetic GK and Wistar islets (data not shown). This evidence concerns the gene VCAM1 and cardiovascular disorder.