Hyperglycemia is well recognized to be associated with increased arterial wall inflammation, reflected by increased expression of anti-fibrinolytic components, vascular cell adhesion molecules, renin-angiotensin system (RAS) factors, agents involved in OS, vascular tone and angiogenesis, and also of cytokines, chemokines, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and molecules involved in their signalling [1], [15], [25], [28], [36]–[38]. The gene discussed is REN; the disease is Hyperglycemia.