IL1B and metabolic syndrome: In this regard, on can note that: 1) a very high IL-1Ra/IL-1 ratio is necessary to counteract IL-1 effects; 2) in situ a very low IL-1β concentration can exert its pleiotropic action and part of the latter may become IL-1-independent with time; 3) and/or the GK islet inflammatory process could be triggered concomitantly by other factors, such as TLR activation via dyslipidemia [71].