VEGFA and neoplasm: This HIF-1 complex then regulates the expression of its target genes through binding with hypoxia responsive elements in the promoter regions of target genes (Bos et al, 2003; van der Groep et al, 2008) including erythropoietin, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), glycolytic enzymes, transferrin and a variety of other proteins that enhance tumour survival, invasion and metastasis (Semenza, 2000; Vaupel, 2004).