Activating BRAF mutations are present in 29–69% of papillary thyroid carcinomas (Wojciechowska and Lewinski, 2006), are also common in colorectal cancers (Ogino et al, 2009) and present in 4% of small cell lung cancers (Halilovic and Solit, 2008). The gene discussed is BRAF; the disease is thyroid gland papillary carcinoma.