CD40LG and macroglobulinemia: gambiense infections are characterized by macroglobulinemia [43],[44], we investigated the serum immunoglobulin M (IgM) level in different infection models: mice infected with either 1×103 or 1×106 trypanosomes of the chronic (Tbg945b), sub-chronic (Tbg1122b, Tbg1135b) or silent (Tbg1135c) isolates.