HSPD1 and autoimmune disease: This is the reason why exogenous Hsp60 from a microbe can elicit an immune response in humans, a response that although directed primarily against the microbial molecule also reacts with the endogenous chaperonin [11], providing a link between infection and development of autoimmune diseases, as postulated for arthritis [12]–[14], multiple sclerosis [15]–[17], and diabetes [9],[18],[19].