The findings of our literature review indicated that mealtime insulin lispro is associated with short-term benefits in glycaemic control (HbA1c and postprandial glycaemic excursions) and hypoglycaemic event rates compared with mealtime RHI, when both are used as part of a basal–bolus regimen in T1DM. The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.