Jantausch et al prospectively studied urinary IL-6 and IL-8 as markers for UTI in children age 0–12 years.25 Bacterial UTI was defined as a urine culture with greater than 100,000 CFU/ml in a midstream clean catch specimen or greater than 10,000 CFU/ml in a catheterized specimen. The gene discussed is IL6; the disease is bacterial urinary tract infection.