MPO and bacterial urinary tract infection: Other biomarkers such as soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1, urinary myeloperoxidase, α-2 macroglobulin, and the ratio of urinary α-1 microglobulin and serum prostatic antigen have also been studied to diagnose UTI, differentiate between upper and lower UTI and UTI from renal graft rejection.33–36