The current findings also reveal that while most morphologically benign tissues strongly express Hsp-27, lower proportions of hyperplasia and PIN exhibit staining (Figure 1), suggesting that expression of the protein may be down-regulated in the in-situ neoplastic epithelial cells, which are the precursors of invasive prostate cancer (Foster et al, 2002). Here, HSPB1 is linked to prostate cancer.