These results may also hold relevance for understanding the incidence of impulse control disorders in Parkinson's patients treated with dopamine agonists [10] in light of the role that CHRNA4 plays in dopamine regulation and in light of the data suggesting pre-morbid risk taking behavior is associated with the risk in developing impulse control disorders with treatment of Parkinson's [52], as well as the prevalence of tobacco use among PD populations. The gene discussed is CHRNA4; the disease is Parkinsonism.