At the time of enrolment to our study M.Tb was thought to activate both the TLR2 and TLR4 pathways [13], and as the functional assay using LPS was used to probe interferon gamma responses, and both TLR2 and TLR4 followed the same pathway downstream of TIRAP, it was reasoned that LPS stimulation would be sufficient to demonstrate the function of TIRAP in TB. This evidence concerns the gene TLR4 and tuberculosis.