Our studies on the relation between CXCL16/CXCR6, inflammation, and cancer show that CXCL16 is up-regulated on pre-neoplastic lesions associated with inflammation, that the expression of CXCL16 and CXCR6 can be induced in prostate epithelium by inflammatory cytokines, and that CXCL16/CXCR6 are highest in those prostate cancer cells surrounded by reactive, i.e. post-inflammatory stroma. The gene discussed is CXCL16; the disease is prostate cancer.