It is notable that in experiments using colon carcinoma cell lines, membrane-bound CXCL16 inhibited cell proliferation [45] and in a study of CXCL16 in colon cancer, no association was found between CXCL16 expression and cancer stage - but instead a positive correlation was reported between CXCL16 expression and patient survival [42]. Here, CXCL16 is linked to colonic neoplasm.