Though the issue of mass screening for prostate cancer in the general population is still a debatable one, reports of higher incidence of prostate cancer in ESRD patients[1] in the literature prompted this Japanese group to conduct a study to see if there is a higher incidence of prostate cancer in ESRD patients in the Japanese population and also to see the efficacy of PSA testing in these patients. The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is prostate cancer.