IGF can activate the AR to levels similar to DHT possibly by dephosphorylation of AR serine 650 which prevents its nuclear export.[73] Activation of the AR was blocked by bicalutamide suggesting that the activation is mediated through the AR.[74] Cell studies comparing different stages of prostate cancer have also demonstrated IGF receptor (IGFR) protein expression changes. Here, AR is linked to Familial prostate cancer.