TGF-β has been reported to regulate XIAP levels in several cell types such as in endometrial carcinoma cells [33], and we investigated whether down-regulation of Akt survival pathway activity in rat decidual cells by TGF-β2 and TGF-β3 was accompanied by a decrease in the levels of anti-apoptotic XIAP protein. This evidence concerns the gene XIAP and endometrial carcinoma.