Transcriptionally active FOXO3A induces several pro-apoptotic genes such as PUMA, BIM, GADD45A, GADD45B, SESN1, TNFRSF10B, CITED2 and CDKN1B, all of which were upregulated in Tregs from T1D subjects (significant either on the array at |z-score|>20 or on RT-PCR at p<0.05) as well as show similar trends in healthy Tregs under conditions of IL-2 withdrawal. Here, SESN1 is linked to type 1 diabetes mellitus.