HLA-C and coinfection: In contrast, the climate across most of Switzerland is too cool to support R. sanguineus, and all the haemoplasma positive dogs identified in that study (0.3% CMhp and 0.9% Mhc positive; no co-infections; n = 889) had either originated from, or had visited areas where R. sanguineus was known to be prevalent (Wengi et al., 2008).