CSF3 and leukemia: For example, the retrospective European analysis by Ringden et al., identified a possibly increased incidence of GvHD and transplant-related mortality in patients (N = 1,789) receiving G-CSF soon after allogeneic BMT, as well as reduced survival and leukaemia-free survival [10]; however no increased rate of GvHD was observed for patients receiving G-CSF following peripheral blood stem cell transplant.