There is ample evidence in human IBD that the inflammatory cytokines such as IL-1 and IFN-γ are overexpressed and this finding correlates with reports of excessive amounts of NO produced by activated iNOS in lamina propria mononuclear cells and colon epithelial cells.[25, 28] This prompted us to investigate whether manipulation of cytokine profile by crocetin would lead to reduced NO activities, and thus decrease mucosal damage. Here, NOS2 is linked to inflammatory bowel disease.