S100A4+ DCs were implicated in the pathogenesis of AIP by demonstrating the presence of DCs that had undergone Cre-mediated Tgfbr2 recombination in pancreata from Tgfbr2fspKO mice, and by induction of pancreatitis in wild-type mice through transfer of DCs from Tgfbr2fspKO mice. Here, S100A4 is linked to pancreatitis.