We have previously shown that OSE cells express the AR and respond to androgen stimulation resulting in increased proliferation and protection from apoptosis (Edmondson et al, 2002), others have shown that the majority of ovarian cancers continue to express the AR (Kuhnel et al, 1987; Ilekis et al, 1997; Lee et al, 2005). This evidence concerns the gene AR and ovarian carcinoma.