Although hypoxic areas can be efficiently stained with CA IX antibodies ex vivo, at the beginning of this study, it was not known whether the same structures could be targeted in vivo, considering that they are typically located at a 100–200 μm distance from the nearest tumour blood vessel (Kerbel and Folkman, 2002) and thus may be more difficult to reach. The gene discussed is CA9; the disease is neoplasm.