Post-weaning HFD feeding interacted with maternal obesity to increase plasma leptin and TG concentrations (P<0.05, HFD effect and interaction with maternal obesity, Table 4); whereas adiponectin was lower and leptin:adiponectin ratio was significantly higher in offspring from small litters (P<0.05, Table 4). The gene discussed is LEP; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.