Mayr and colleagues detected that EPCs would decrease to a nadir 6 hours after infusion of sepsis and would return to values comparable with baseline 24 hours after lipopolysaccharide of coli bacillus challenge [10], and conceived that the 200-fold increase in TNF outweighed the comparably moderate increases in VEGF and granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) that finally resulted in a net EPC decrease. The gene discussed is CSF3; the disease is Sepsis.