In this context, this study represents valuable preliminary work, indicating important problems with currently promoted PSA-based criteria, which need to be addressed now for men whose prostate cancer is currently being managed by monitoring (Donovan et al, 2003; Hardie et al, 2005; Klotz, 2007; van den Bergh et al, 2007). The gene discussed is KLK3; the disease is prostate carcinoma.