A trypsin-derived peptide fragment of ependymin activates the transcription factor, AP-1, in mouse neuroblastoma cells [90] and increases the expression of the antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX) in rat primary cortical cultures [91]. The gene discussed is SOD1; the disease is neuroblastoma.